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Determinant of stunting and Severe Stunting Among Under Fives: Evidence from the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey medications zyprexa buy cabgolin 0.5 mg with amex. It is most important to know the role of plants in the cleansing process of heavy metals in this temple city medicine disposal order 0.5mg cabgolin. In this study symptoms sleep apnea buy cabgolin online from canada, the heavy metals (Fe2+ symptoms quotes discount generic cabgolin canada, Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Al2+, Cd2+, As2+, Cr3+, Mn2+) from the dust deposited on the leaves of the trees were analyzed. The tree species were collected from different zones of the Kanchipuram town such as residential area, traffic area, Institutional area, hospital area and industrial area. Heavy metals concentrations were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Most of the heavy metals were found below their detectable limits (Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, and As2+). Some of the heavy metals were in highly increased values (Fe2+, Al2+) almost in selected species. In few locations the content of As2+ and Mn2+ in lower levels were deposited on some species. The results obtained from the analysis shown that the heavy metals were emitted from various combustion processes and other anthropogenic activities. The tree species selected can be used in bio monitoring as bio indicators of increased Fe2+, Al2+ in the ambient air. Keywords: Heavy metals, Bio Monitoring, Bio Indicators, Species, Deposition, Correlation. Introduction Pollution due to air is one of the major issues in heavily populated towns and cities, which mainly begins from fast and unsystematic development of industrialization and urbanization1,2. As human undergone industrialization the quantity of waste thrown away in the ambience starts to increase enormously. This increased population and industries force the environment as highly polluted3,4. Out of various pollutants heavy metals are one of the major pollutants in the cities due to various anthropogenic activities such as emission from combustion processes, automobile exhaust and disposal from industries5,6. Heavy metals distributed in the local and regional areas are not clearly defined but they worsen the quality of air7. The study and analysis of heavy metal pollution in the environment is very important and interest due to their severe and harmful health disorders. The characteristics of air, water and soil, microbial activities and growth of vegetation are greatly disturbed by heavy metals8,9. Heavy metals are also named as silent killer when they are exceeding their values of 5gm/m3 but they are generally specified as toxic metals. Hence the testing of heavy metals is an important mechanism to improve and regulate the environmental impact assessment in developed and developing cities and towns10. Bio monitoring is one of the simplest and cheapest method for detecting heavy metal concentration in the ambient air11,12. Plant bio monitoring is the better choice for determining the air quality compared to other conventional method because of its cheapness and easy to carry out the work. Monitoring by equipment poses the problem in setting the proper stations and also suitable for confined areas but plant species are readily available and existing at all places and easy to monitor13. The plant called as a good bio monitor, when it should be widespread in the topography and to find and collect at the time of sampling 14. Bio indicators give the feasible way of estimating the pollutant level in the environment and it has been used for several years to examine the Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, March 2020, Vol. Plants absorbed the various air borne pollutants thereby reducing the pollutant level. The degree of absorption and adsorption capacity differs from plant to plant without showing any toxic effects and they are acting as a sink for gases, particulate matters and toxic heavy metals15. Lower plants like mosses and lichens are acting as ideal bio indicators but it is difficult to plant in the urban areas and in industrial areas, higher plants can serve this purpose. Different types of higher species are used as bio indicators to monitor and detect the heavy metal pollution 16,17,18. The dust deposited on the tree leaves predict the level of heavy metal contamination in the environment 19. Most of the countries are successfully using the different types of species as bio indicators for analyzing the various levels of pollutant in the atmospheric air 20. The purpose of this study is to determine the present levels of atmospheric trace element pollution in the Kanchipurm town.
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Discussion: In this study prevalence of current users of smoking daily was found to be 34 symptoms 2 days after ovulation purchase 0.5mg cabgolin overnight delivery. In study conducted by Das R et al symptoms pancreatitis order cabgolin with visa,[6] showed that 342Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development treatment order cabgolin paypal, March 2020 medicine valium cabgolin 0.5 mg visa, Vol. In the present study most common reason for initiation of tobacco use was fun (16%). In study conducted by Das R et al,[6] showed that most common reason for initiation of tobacco use was "group habit" and the reason for maintenance of its use was "sense of wellbeing". Not only the government, but all responsible citizens will need to support the fight against this global epidemic. Non governmental organ is at ions should also help govermnet for creating awareness among people on ill effects of smoking on health. Source of Funding: Self Conflicts of Interest: Nil Conclusions & Recommendations A total of 350 study participants were studied, out of which 216 (61. In the present study more than half of the study population in both gender belong to 20-30 years age group. Most common reason for initiation of tobacco use was fun (16%) followed by for time pass (10. Majority (84%) of the study population had knowledge that smoking causes serious illness. Knowledge regarding smoking effects on health, 49% had knowledge that smoking causes lung cancer followed by heart attack (19. Prevention of tobacco use in people appears to be the single opportunity for preventing non-communicable disease in the world today. India needs to adopt a more holistic and coercive approach to fight the problem of tobacco by adopting media awareness, behavior change References 1. Prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases: Report of the SecretaryGeneral. A cross-sectional study on prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among young and adult males (18-60 years) in a peri-urban area of Agartala, Tripura. This study has conducted to assess the existing level of self esteem among east Midnapore college students of technical and allied stream; also it is concentrated on whether self esteem is significantly related with gender of the students and area the students are residing. Total 159 students are included in the study after doing convenient sampling method. Keyword: Psychological health, Self esteem, rural, semi urban, urban, mental health, human right, technical and allied. It is shown by many researchers, that self esteem is negatively related with the depression (Orth, 2008)15 anxiety (Dumont, 1999)7, it has positive relation with the self efficacy (Bandura, 1977)3 Self esteem is self learned, experience and it stays throughout life (Sari et al. It is the self evaluation of the individual either positively or negatively (Baumeister, 1998)4. The self esteem is one of the most popular topics among many psychologists around the world (Baumeister, 1993)5. Jayeeta Majumder Assistant Professor, Management Department, Haldia Institute of Management, Haldia, West Bengal, India e-mail: drjayeetamajumder@gmail. Many researchers found high self esteem is helpful to improve academic excellence, accept failure, know their capabilities, ready to take challenges and many more (Baumeister, 1998)4. The level of self esteem is also associated with the higher education (Arshad et al. Adolescent is important because adolescent aged boys and girls are going through series of diversified environments, challenges and in that way their carrier are developed, in this regard level of self esteem is deciding factor. So analyzing the existing level of self esteem among the boys of girls of adolescent age is important (Sirin, 2004)19. Many researchers have found that the girls are having higher level of self esteem than boys (Tella, 2007)22 and they have higher level of acceptance of failure and show greater responsibility also girls use social support more often than boys, and have fewer inadequate reactions (Al-Bahrani, 2013)1. On the other hand some researchers have found that the boys can cope more than a girl as the boys are more independent than the girls (M. Minev, 2018)13, also girls have lower self esteem than that of boys which 344Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, March 2020, Vol. Some researchers have found that the urban people are more exposed of stress full life than that of rural people but urban people are taking life more positively than the rural people. According to those researchers the rural people are having more self worth, more competent and that is how the level of self esteem is increasing day by day among them (Pipher, 1995)16.
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Smartphone Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development medicine to induce labor purchase cabgolin toronto, March 2020 medications ordered po are order cabgolin without a prescription, Vol treatment yeast infection men purchase cheap cabgolin on line. A previous study says that one of the fastest growing regional electronics is located in India symptoms when quitting smoking generic 0.5 mg cabgolin with amex. Smartphone contribute to 24/7 aspect of life whereby one can purchase, bank, chat, study and play games online at different time zones(3). A study conducted in the Middle Eastern population age 18 plus years, showed that 17% were addicts and 64% were somewhat addicts(4). The main objective of the study was to estimate the proportion of students (18-24 years) who were addictive to their Smartphone and also to estimate the average time spent on their Smartphone and to find the main reasons behind the use of their Smartphone and to find the association between Smartphone usages and sleep pattern. Data collection procedure: Data was collected by one-to-one interview method using Epicollect5(5). The interviews were conducted in the local language (Tamil) as well as in English by the post graduate students at the institute. For each cluster, one random start was generated and the required numbers of students were interviewed. In case of two or more students age 18-24 in a household, the available/willing respondent was interviewed. They were a structured questionnaire for socio demographic characteristics and questions on time spent by the students on their Smartphone on daily basis. For each item, participants expressed their opinion on a 6-point scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 6 (strongly agree). Male were considered addicted to their Smartphone, if their scores was greater than or equal to 31, and for females it was greater or equal to 33. Descriptive statistics and Method Study population and study design: A cross sectional community based study was conducted among the students of Ayapakkam, Thiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu, which is the field unit of the institute. Sample size: Ayapakkam consisted of 13,000 households as per door to door survey in 2014-2015 and, there were 2235 students in the age group 18-24. The required sample size for the present study was 139 students with 95% of confidence level, 10% relative precision, assuming p=80%, design effect=1. Sampling Procedure: the entire line listing of students in the Ayapakkam Cohort was readily available and the students were selected using the two stage cluster sampling. The study area consisted of 7 clusters and among them 4 clusters which were higher populated was selected. A minimum of thirty five students were 112Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, March 2020, Vol. Smartphone usage among addicts and non addicts: Smartphone usage for communication purposes (t=3. Smartphone usage among poor sleepers and good sleepers: Smartphone usage for communication purposes (t=2. Also the proportion of students who bought Smartphone of their own choice were significantly more addicted than students who bought without their own choice (ChiSquare=11. Time spent on their Smartphone and main usage of Smartphone: the average hours of time spent on their Smartphone by the students was found 6. The average time spent by students during day were more than the night time and also it was little higher during weekends (table 1). Table: 1- Average time spent on Smartphone by students (N=147) in Ayapakkam, Tamil Nadu, 2018. Discussion According to a study conducted in Deakin, 34% tend to lose sleep and 40% felt disoriented without Smartphone. Another study in Chennai Urban area has shown 114Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, March 2020, Vol. Thus the entire surveyed students/ younger generation is in jeopardy to be Nomo Phobic which may cause serious imbalance in the physical and mental health of the younger generation. There existed a linear relationship between the time spent on Smartphone and Smartphone addiction and also between the Smartphone addition and sleep quality. Thus in due course the increase in usage of Smartphone time might lead to more Smartphone addiction and which in turn may lead to serious health conditions such as poor sleep quality. It is an alarming sign among the students who are prone to addiction to Smartphone.
Diseases
- Balantidiasis
- CATCH 22 syndrome
- Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Cockayne Touraine type
- Al Awadi Teebi Farag syndrome
- Chromosome 4, trisomy 4q25 qter
- Camfak syndrome
- Nephropathy, familial with gout
- Double tachycardia induced by catecholamines