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Little can be done for those who were forced to leave before the new laws were introduced healthy liquid diet gastritis ranitidine 300 mg low price, and who left without any form of compensation gastritis x ray order ranitidine 150 mg line. A question could be posed: did the sugar estates know in advance that the land was to be compulsorily acquired? They also stated to the Commission that they were verbally informed that they would be returned the land when the Government no longer needed it gastritis from ibuprofen generic ranitidine 300 mg with visa. Years later gastritis diet discount ranitidine online master card, this same plot of land was given to a group of planters and despite all their protests to the Ministry of Housing and Lands, their voices were ignored by the same Ministry. The new Riche Terre planters who were removed have since attracted much attention and been given land elsewhere, but the original Riche Terre planters have been totally ignored. Since the loss of their land, although some were able to continue on with their lives, others faced extreme financial difficulties. A fairer and more just compensation be given to mйtayers based on a in-depth study and a full multidisciplinary (including historical, financial and economic) re-evaluation and assessment of their contribution to the SugarIndustry overgenerations sincethe arrival of indentured labourers to Mauritius. Felix sugar estates, where the mйtayers have undergone severe emotional, psychological stress due toloss of land, to lack of understanding and ability to adapt to rapid and changing economicpolicies in their locality; a. For the original Riche Terre Planters We recommend therefore that land be given to them to set up an agricultural Cooperative as many are still in need of assistance. Justification Historic rights have not been considered in the assessment of compensation for loss of land to cultivate. Immense amount of agricultural activities, carried out prior to sugar cane planting and maintenance of land which the same sugar estates are now benefitting from and which have not been included in the compensation calculation. Property rights are not the only consideration as mйtayage has immensely benefitted the sugar estate owner: cheap labour, sugar produced on land that he would find difficult to farm (poor soil, sloping or rocky land). Numerous examples can be provided: unwillingness to divulge contents of agreement (docs. Utter disregard for the mйtayers by the sugar estate which has such a prestigious name. The letters to come to receive compensation were sent with no names and not registered. The negative legacies of slavery and indenture are still evident in Mauritius and continue to impede social justice and, consequently, undermine political and economic liberty. This, coupled with the historical and contemporary denigration and/or ignorance of slave/indentured labourer contributions to the society, perpetuates stereotyping, racism, underdevelopment, poverty and cultural amnesia. In-depth qualitative primary and secondary documentation research was conducted to find out why a substantial proportion of slave descendants and persons of African and Malagasy origin are still experiencing poverty in Mauritius. Identity construction, and especially the construction of racial identity, is very complex in Mauritius. Many racial identity labels have emerged from Colonialism and these continue to be used to the extent that they appear to be natural. Descendants of slaves and persons of African and Malagasy origin continue to experience significant marginalisation and poverty in Mauritius, but these experiences vary. This is partly because Mauritius has experienced significant inter-ethnic mixing since the abolition of slavery, and partly because there were differences, to begin with, between different groups of slaves and indentured labourers. Many can trace their ancestry backto slavery and indenture, and many others cannot. The Commission has also studied genealogies of many people and, therefore, can safely state that there are descendants of slaves and descendants of indentured labourers in Mauritius. The experiences of these groups are real, and such people do experience discrimination, marginalisation and poverty on the basis of their historical identity. The Commission finds that Mauritians are deeply conscious of Culture, and diversity is celebrated. Potentially, therefore, the celebration of diversity can divide society because the popular representation of diversity can concretise cultural difference as something that is real. The Commission has also found that there is a tendency to place groupings in a hierarchy. This establishes groups which are more valued and groups which are less valued in the nation. There is a grave danger that those less valued occupy the economic and political margins of society, whereas those most valued are offered benefits in the form of jobs, opportunities and networks usually denied to others. Our recommendations say that fair and equal opportunities in the world of work, amongst others, are pivotal in breaking entrenched racially biased hierarchies in Mauritius.
The first step in any therapy is to rule out any possible underlying allergic cause severe gastritis diet plan ranitidine 300 mg visa. If an allergic cause is discovered gastritis diet 91352 cheap ranitidine 150 mg online, treatment should be directed to removing/treating this issue gastritis zoloft ranitidine 300 mg overnight delivery. Medical therapy for idiopathic cases can include: antibiotics gastritis symptoms depression order ranitidine canada, corticosteroids, and cyclosporine. These lesions are often incidental findings during routine oral examinations, and are usually advanced at the time of diagnosis. Presentation is characterised by pigmented or unpigmented lesions that are initially smooth but later ulcerate. Special histochemical stains are often required to make a positive diagnosis for both forms of this tumour. Therefore, the prognosis is guarded to poor, unless diagnosed and excised prior to metastasis. Additional therapeutic options are radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and a melanoma vaccine. These lesions tend to be ulcero-proliferative and can destroy extensive areas of the jaws, disrupting teeth and occasionally result in mandibular fracture. Animals suffering from acanthomatous ameloblastoma who undergo irradiation therapy are at risk of these lesions converting to squamous cell carcinomas. These lesions usually present as sessile lesions on the palate; smooth and slightly paler than surrounding tissue. Large breed dogs appear to be over represented (especially Golden Retrievers) and they are typically younger (4-5 years) when first diagnosed. Although surgical excision of these tumours is the preferred treatment, regrowth is very common, even when the surgical margins were reported to be "tumour free". Fibrosarcomas may present as histologically low grade but clinically high grade, where the oral lesion is rapidly enlarging but it appears more benign microscopically. Different treatment modalities, including surgical excision with or without radiation therapy, radiation therapy alone, and radiation with or without localized hyperthermia, prolonged the survival times in some dogs. The lesions can extend to the muco-cutaneal junction and in some cases the lesions have a blueish tinge due to extravascular pooling of blood. Lesions may cause bony destruction or bone proliferation, while some may appear to be cyst-like radiogaphically. Like axial osteosarcomas, these tend to metastasis late during disease and therefore may have a better prognosis for cure. Excision with 3 cm margins is recommended and therefore any reconstruction must be well planned prior to the surgery. Mast cell tumour can also be found on the tongue of cats and in some cases the margin of the tongue may be affected, resembling plaque-responsive marginal glossitis. Benign and malignant conditions can appear very similar clinically, therefore histopathology is mandatory. Prompt and aggressive therapy offers the best chance for cure and therefore regular oral exams are necessary. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for most oral tumours with the margins based on the type of growth and tissue planes. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy may be used as palliative or adjunct means if available. Genital and extragenital canine transmissible venereal tumour in dogs in Grenada, West Indies Open J Vet Med, 3, pp. Seguin (2012) Surgical treatment of Tongue Lip and Cheek Tumors In: Oral and maxillofacial surgery in dogs and cats. Retrospective study of 338 canine oral melanomas with clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical review of 129 cases. Histologically low-grade, yet biologically high-grade fibrosarcomas of the mandible and maxilla in dogs: 25 cases (19821991). Malocclusions A malocclusion is any occlusion which is not standard for the breed. In cases of occlusal trauma there is significant pain and discomfort for the patient and if left untreated can result in significant complications such as oronasal fistulation, tooth wear and subsequent fracture and/or tooth death. Conversely, tooth (non-skeletal) discrepancies (class I) are considered nongenetic, with the notable exception of mesiocclusion of the maxillary canines (lance effect) seen in Shetland sheepdogs and Persian cats, which is considered genetic. These conditions are generally considered nongenetic, however, there is a high prevalence of some syndromes in certain breeds (see above) which indicates a genetic predisposition in some cases.
There are two types of particles in the nucleus: neutrons that are electrically neutral gastritis symptoms wiki 300mg ranitidine with visa, and protons that are positively charged gastritis diet in pregnancy discount ranitidine 300 mg otc. Atoms are categorized as different stable elements based on the number of protons in the nucleus xylitol gastritis purchase discount ranitidine online. When atoms of an element differ in their number of neutrons gastritis symptoms weight loss discount ranitidine 300 mg overnight delivery, they are called isotopes. Unstable isotopes undergo spontaneous change, known as radioactive disintegration or radioactive decay. The process of continuously undergoing spontaneous disintegration is called radioactivity. The time it takes a material to lose half of its original radioactivity is its half-life. For example, an isotope with a half-life of eight days will lose one-half of its radioactivity in that amount of time. In eight more days, one-half of the remaining radioactivity will be lost, and so on. The half-lives of various radioactive elements may vary from millionths of a second to billions of years. As unstable isotopes change into more stable forms, they emit particles and/or energy. An emitted particle may be an alpha particle (a helium nucleus), a beta particle (an electron), or a neutron, with various levels of kinetic energy. Gamma rays, even though they do not carry an electric charge, can ionize atoms as they pass through an element by ejecting electrons. Ionizing radiation can cause a change in the chemical composition of many things, including living tissue (organs), which can affect the way they function. When a radioactive isotope of an element emits a particle, it changes to an entirely different element or isotope, one that may or may not be radioactive. It emits an alpha particle and becomes the isotope uranium-234, a radioactive isotope with a half-life of 246,000 years. B-2 Appendix B Characteristics of various forms of ionizing radiation are briefly described in the following text and in the table below. Beta () Beta particles, consisting of an electron, are 7,330 times lighter than alpha particles and can travel a longer distance in the air. Beta particles can pass through a sheet of paper, but can be stopped by a thin sheet of aluminum foil or glass. Gamma () Gamma rays (and x-rays), unlike alpha or beta particles, are waves of pure energy. Gamma radiation is very penetrating and requires a large mass, such as a thick wall of concrete, lead, or steel, to be stopped. Neutrons (n) Neutrons produce ionizing radiation indirectly by collision with hydrogen nuclei (protons) and when gamma rays and alpha particles are emitted following neutron capture in matter. Radiation Measuring Units During the early days of radiological experimentation, there was no precise unit for radiation measure. Just as heat can be measured in terms of its intensity or effects using units of calories or degrees, amounts of radiation or its effects can be measured in units of curies, radiation absorbed dose (rad), or dose equivalent (roentgen equivalent in man, or rem). Curie the curie, named after scientists Marie and Pierre Curie, describes the intensity of a sample of radioactive material. The decay rate of 1 gram of radium was the original basis of this unit of measure. Because the measured decay rate kept changing slightly as measurement techniques became more accurate, the curie was subsequently defined as exactly 3. B-3 Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Mars 2020 Mission Radiation Units and Conversions to International System of Units 1 curie = 3. The total energy absorbed per unit quantity of tissue is referred to as "absorbed dose" (or simply "dose"). As sunlight heats pavement by giving up an amount of energy to it, radiation similarly gives up energy to objects in its path.
Any applicant for a prescription permit under this Act may gastritis and chest pain discount ranitidine online american express, within 30 days of the date on which the notice of refusal under Section 17 is given gastritis diet options order ranitidine with mastercard, apply to the Judge in Chambers for a summons calling upon the local authority to show cause why his application should not be granted gastritis diet questionnaire safe 300mg ranitidine. An application to the Judge in Chambers under Section 18 shall be made in the presence of the local authority and the Judge may grant any application on such terms and conditions as he may deem fit or reject it the gastritis diet discount 300 mg ranitidine mastercard. The prescription permit shall henceforth be drawn up, on a prescription deed, by an Attorney or a Notary. No person shall cause a prescription deed to be transcribed nor shall the Conservator of Mortgages transcribe a prescription deed unless a) b) c) he is the holder of a prescription deed issued under this Act authorising him to do so; he has an order of the Judge granting the application and has subsequently drawn up the prescription deed; or he has a certified copy of the judgment of a competent Court deciding the issue against the objector which has subsequently been drawn up in the prescription deed. A prescription deed shall be transcribed on production by the applicant to the Conservator of the copies of documents mentioned in Section 21 and on payment of the transcription fees. No deed, whether authentic or under private signatures, witnessing the sale or transfer of, or the constitution of any privilege, mortgage or servitude or right of use over, an immovable property the title to which is derived from acquisition by prescription witnessed by a prescription permit, shall be valid unless the prescription permit has been transcribed, and a reference to the particulars of such transcription is endorsed on the deed. Any person who draws up a deed in contravention of Section 22 shall commit an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding [. The transcription of a prescription permit shall not confer on any party any rights on any immovable property which but for this Act such party would not have possessed. The Commission is of opinion that Notarial deeds witnessing the acquisition by prescription of landed property should bear the same conditions as laid down in the proposed Affidavit of Prescription Act, more fully described above. The amendments inthe Affidavit of Prescription Act, as proposed by the Truth and Justice Commission, would thus apply de facto to the Prescription of Landed Property Act. The Commission recommends that the Prescription of the Landed Property Act be repealed which will thus prevent any confusion as to the procedure of prescription. In order to tackle any case of dispossession, a claimant needs first of all to collect the relevant documents, be it title deeds or establishment of succession rights through affidavits and secondly to bring the matter before the competent Court in order to have a judicial decision that shall validate his claim. As stated earlier, the whole process requires assistance, be it on a financial basis or competence to find and collect the appropriate and relevant documents. The Commission thus recommends the creation of a Land Research and Monitoring Unit which shall cater for the technical side of the search and an appropriate Tribunal to give legal sanction to a valid claim. To receive legitimate complaints from persons who allege that they, or their family, have lost or have been dispossessed of their property; 2. To carry out an in-depth investigation concerning an alleged complaint or hold an enquiry into land issues, out of its own initiative or at the instance of interested parties; 3. To advise the applicant, after thorough investigation and enquiry, on his claim and any other relevant issues; 4. To assist the applicant to retrieve all necessary documents, including title deeds, plans and Civil Status documents and in collaboration with other appropriate institutions, to draw up genealogical trees; 5. To study plans of grants, relevant Notarial Deeds and any other relevant documents related to land movement; 6. To provide, within statutory limits, assistance, financial or otherwise, to claimants as regards land surveys or other necessary actions; 7. To submit or refer the matter to Mediation and to promote amicable settlements which shall be binding upon all the parties; and 8. The Commission wishes to stress that, in its considered opinion, a two-fold approach is recommended, since neither the proposed Unit nor the suggested Tribunal would be effective on its own. The details of this project are to be found in Volume 2 and the database compiled so far in volume 5. A copy has been given to the Ministry fo Housing and Lands as well as to the University of Mauritius where students are trained in French and British palaeography and can therefore read notarial acts and participate in this project. The Commission further recommends the use of free software rather than the voluminous, non user friendly software and expensive that appears to be popular in some public institutions. For example the server used by the Commisson to host the database be the Linux Operating system (Open source) which is reliable, highly performing and resilient. The server should also be configured to allow only authenticated users to connect to and use the system. Training is recommended for users (research assistants) at each stage of prototype deployment. Today, Mauritius is now considered as one of the most avant-gardiste in the field of Social Justice. Slavery was legalized, following the enactment of the Lettres Patentes (Code Noir, 1723). Slaves were chattel in the eyes of the Law, as well as being movables and they could be sold, hired out and transferred at any time in their lifetime. Slaves had no right to property, to a stable family, to a legal personality, or even to a surname.
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